Method of permanent waving and a permanent waving heater



May 23, 1944. F. KORF ET AL METHOD OF PERMANENT WAV ING AND A PERMANENTWAVING HEATER Filed June 23 1952 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORS,

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. lllllllll h May 23, 1944. F. KORF ET AL 2,349,285

METHOD OF PERMANENT WAVING AND A PERMANENT WAVING HEATER Filed June 231932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented May 23, 1944 METHOD'OF PERMANENT WAVINGAND A PERMANENT, WAVING HEATER Frederick Korf and William FdZentler,Crestwood, N. Y., assignors to Sales Afi-iliates, Inc., New York, N. Y.,a corporation of New York Application June 23, 1932, Serial No. 618,878

31 Claims.

This invention relates to hair curlers for the permanent waving of hair,and to a method of permanent waving.

Where we have used electrically heated tubes to impart a permanent waveto hair in connection with moistening agents or chemicals, the apparatuswhich involved electrically heated elements applied to a strand of hairupon a curling stick, included the use of a great many such electricalheaters. The apparatus thus necessarily involved an initial outlay of aconsiderable amount, making it very expensive and restricting the use ofsuch apparatus to highly skilled operators. The use of this apparatusalso, in its application to the hair, involves an intimate knowledge ofthe duration of time of treatment, which is not infallible, andfrequently results in an overtreatment, a scorching of the hair, andperhaps a permanent injury thereto, when used by those not skillful andintimately acquainted with the manner of applying'this treatment. Thenature of the process of permanent waving, using electrical heaters,limits the use of the apparatus to one individual for the entire periodof treatment, and therefore limits the activity of the operatorcontrolling the same.

We have found that we may dispense with the use of electrical energy forheating in order to impart a permanent wave to the hair, or the use ofthe expensive elements involved in mechanically constructing hairheating tubes by the use of a novelsource of heat, created by chemicalreaction. i

It is an object of our invention to provide a hair waving element whichmay be prepared and sold as a unit, and. which derives its heat byincluding a chemical compound which may be activated to generate heatand transmit the heat thus obtained for a so-called permanent hairwaving treatment. It is contemplated by our invention to provide a,package in the form of a tubular member, which lends itself facilely forattachment and application in connection with a permanent wavingtreatment, and merely requires, when ready for use, the activation ofthe chemical reaction of the chemical used, such as by a moisteningtreatment, to thereby produce the requisite heat for a=predeterminedperiod of time, to impart to the hair treated a permanent wave.

It is a further object of our invention to provide for permanent wavetreatment, a tubular member which eliminates the cost and labor nowinvolved in making metallic electrical heaters,'.

1y inexpensive material, such as paper, tin foil or similar sheetedmaterials, the tubular member including means in a compartment forholding chemical substances which may be activated with .water orsimilar inexpensive reagents, to generate heat by a hydration operationof sufiicient intensity and for asufficient duration of time toaccomplish an action equivalent to that obtained by the heat. Or-electrical heaters or similarly heated units.

It is still further an object of our invention to provide, for purposesof permanent waving, a heater tube which derives its ability to generatethe heat necessary for permanent hair waving by chemical reaction or ahydration reaction of chemicalsused, and to provide such tubes ofrelatively inexpensive material, which tubes may be discarded after use,the tube serving as a convenient method of storin the chemical reagentmaterial used for generating the heat, whereby hair under treatment willnot only be subjected to heat, but to pressure, to more efiectivelyaccomplish a permanent wave.

Still further objects of our invention reside forvuse in connection withthe permanent waving of hair, in providing a tubular heated memberwhichderives' its source of heat by a chemicalaction, preferablyhydration of. a chemical, whereby its application to a strand of hair tobe treated (may be accomplished in a most facile manner, and the hazardsof this treatment reduced to the minimum, by avoiding injurious contactof the heater with any parts of the body of the individual treated, andsealing the unit used for heating against escape of hot vaporousproducts, particularly in the direction which may cause contact of thesame with the scalp of the individual treated, or any other portions ofthe 5 body.

To attainthese objects and such further objects as may appear herein orbe hereinafter pointed out, we make reference to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part hereof, in

5 which- 1 Figures 1-5 are perspective views showing the progressivemanner of forming a tubular heater in accordance with our invention;

Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view disclosing the heater tube andauxiliary cap as applied to a strand of hair, when in use;

Figure '7 is a transverse sectional view of Fi ure 6, before applicationof the assembly to the strands of hair to be treated;

Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the heater tube, formed into apackage;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of the heater tube cap;

Figure 10 is a perspective view of the heater tube, illustrating onemanner of activating the chemical reaction;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating anotherembodiment of our invention.

In the general practice of our invention, it is contemplated by ustoutilize the exo-thermic energy derived from chemical reaction orhydration of materials, and utilize the heat so generated, with orwithout any vapors that may be generated as a result of the same, or bythe same, or a combination of the. same, when in contact with or in thepresenceof hair, to eiTect a permanent waving or setting of the hair ina desirable manner. In the practice of our invention, in its morepreferred form, we provide a tubular container formed with spaced wallswhich may contain a pulverulent material, such as quick lime, aluminumchloride, with or without additional ingredients, such as inert fillers,heat retaining materials, such as pulverized iron filings or materialscapable of generating vaporous products, of use in softening the air, asis well known in permanent waving processes. A tubular member withdouble walled jackets, capable of retaining such chemical materials asabove mentioned, having preferably a sealing wrapper, is then treated toactivate the chemical material, preferably by hydration of the samewhere quick lime is used, and during the hydrating reaction, the tubecontaining this material is applied in positionupon a strand of hair, ina manner now used by' electrical'heater tubes, and during the time thatthe hydration reaction ensues, with the consequent heat generatedthereby, this tubular member is held in contact with-the hair to effecta permanent wave.

In the preferred form of our invention; the

package material for the chemical material used to generate heat is initself'formed in the contour similar to an electrical heater tube, orany other convenient form for application over a hair curling stick, thechemical material that is used being packed in an inactive condition, tobe used subsequently upon hydration and the activation of the heat ofreaction, and applying the same to a hair curling stick for asufficientperiod of time to effect a permanent waving of the hair wound on thecurling stick,

For a clearer understanding of our invention, reference will now be madeto .the accompanying drawings for a method of forming the heater 'tubecontemplated by ourinvention. In Figures 1 to there are illustrated-thsuccessive steps of forming the heater tube. first supplieda'rectangular sheet 10, made of sheeted materialsuch as tin foil,aluminum foil, Cellophane, or similar gelatinized plasticized cellulosiccompounds, or the like. A portion ofthis sheet is perforated at H,leaving a rim IZT-un:

There is modified, and approximately one half of the sheet l3 alsounmodified.

Over the perforations thus formed at H, there is positioned arectangular sheet of absorbent material M. This may be a piece ofblotting paper, filter paper, cloth or the like. Prior to superimposingthe sheet l4 over the perforations H of the underlying sheet 10, orafter this operation, there is deposited a uniform layer of apulverulent material I5. This layer of pulverulent material is spreadfor a distance at least to cover the absorbent material I4, previouslydescribed, and the latter is chosen of a size to adequately cover allthe perforations formed in the underlying sheet Ill.

The chemical material chosen for our purposes, in its preferred form, isfinely pulverized quick lime, which may have mixed therewith otheringredients, such as ammoniated products, to generate ammonia vapors,heat retaining materials, such as pulverized iron or iron-filings, orthe like. Othermaterials which when reacted upon by fluids or aqueoussolutions of chemicals, result in exo-thermic reactions by reason of thechemical action set up or by reason of the hydration which ensues, maybe used, and as an additional example, aluminum chloride is referred toas also admirably suitable for our purposes.

Upon stacking the sheets in accordance with the method just described,the section I3 is folded over the perforated portion H, the absorbentmaterial [4 and the dry chemical ma terial I5. The free edges are thencrimped or folded at Hi, to form an envelope, as shown in Figure 2.

The envelope thus provided is then shaped into a tubular member ll,preferably by rolling the same upon a mandrel whose diameter correspondssubstantially to that occupied by a hair curling stick with a strand ofhair wound thereon, in accordance with the standard practice nowemployed for permanently waving hair.

With the envelope formed into a tubular member as described, it is thenpositioned on a rectangular section of sheeted material [8, such asshown in Figure 3. This sheet 18 may be another layer of tin foil or acellulosic material, or cellulosic compound formed into a sheet, such asCellophane. The sealing sheet I8 is then rolled around the tubularmember ll, adhesive material [9 being provided adjacent one edge toeffect a seal at the point where the ends Ill overlap. The length of thesheet is such as to provide an excess portion at 20, for purposes whichwill appear more clearly as this description proceeds.

The tubular envelope and envelope-sheet, after adhesion, are moreclearly illustrated in Figure 4.

After forming the tubular member thus' far described, constituting theperforated envelope and envelope sheet, this tubular member is thenwrapped in a further layer of sheeted material 2|, shown in Figure 5-.Preferably two convolutions of the sheet 2| are formed about theassembly shown in Figure 4, leaving an overhang 22 and 23, to each end.Thewrapper thus provided is securely adhesively applied.

Where we use a sheeted material, such as plasticized and gelatinizedcellulosic material, such as Cellophane, this is preferably, of thecharacter which is a regenerated cellulosic sheet, waterproofedwith'varnish or a pyroxylin composition,

or waterproofing materials, such as mixtures of.

waxes, of the character well known in the trade. For purposes which willappear more clearly as this description proceeds, the waterproofingmaterial or the sheeted wrapper 2| may be of a cellulose acetatematerial or a sheet of regenerated cellulose coated with a film ofcellulose acetate. However, other impermeable sheets may be used andparchmentized paper may also be used, al though the materials alreadydescribed are preferred.

In general, we prefer a material which is extremely tough, waterproof,yet soft, approaching limpness, in order that it may be folded readilyin accordance with the use to which it is to be applied, as will moreclearly appear as this description proceeds, and for this reason theregenerated sheet of cellulosic material, such as suitably softenedCellophane, is-preferred by us.

With a tubular member as shown in Figure 5 prepared in accordance withthe method heretofore described, the same is now ready for use in apermanent waving treatment.

The hair of the individual which is to be treated is first prepared forthe treatment in the usual manner and for this purpose, a strand of hair24 is tied to a hair curling stick 25, adjacent the scalp, by a stringor similar fastening means 26, the forked end 2! serving to anchor thestring. The loose end of the lock of hair is then tied down with astring 28 and then the knob 29 is rotated to wind and tightly coil thestrand of hair upon the curling stick.

With the lock of hair thus prepared, the tubular package previouslydescribed. and illustrated in Figure 5, is now ready to be applied tothe curling stick and lock of hair mounted thereon. The tube T, shown inFigure 5, is now dipped into a moistening fluid, as shown in Figure 10.Where we have used quick lime as the chemical preparation, water is usedas the moistening fluid. The tube T is left in the moistening fluid fora short period of time, in order to assure the absorbent material l4contained thereby taking up the moistening fluid to saturation, waterentering into the envelope shown in Figure, 2 through the perforationsll formed in the first layer Ill, The tube thus prepared is ready to beslipped over the curling stick and the lock of hair. 23 of the tube isplaced adjacent the scalp and the wrapper 2i twisted at this point.-O.ver the twist-- ed ends 3t, there is then passed a 'hair clip 3|, ofdisk-like construction, made of wood, Bakelite or similar material. Thespecific details of thisclip form no part of our present invention, andno further description need be made.

Where the wrapper 2| is made of transparent cellulosic material, such asCellophane, the

proper positioning of the clip 3| will be greatly simplified, andaccurate will be assured.

The dimensions of the tube T are so chosen as to cover the normaldimensions, of the curling stick with the lock of hair thereon, and withthe tube as positioned, the overlap Ellis first twisted about the upperneck of the curling stick immediately below the knob 29. The free end 22of the wrapper is then also given several twists to effectively seal thetube about the curling stick, at its free end. During this period oftime the moistening fluid has commenced to act upon the pulverulentchemical powder retained within the envelope l'i, previously mentioned,the action being' one to set up the generation of heat and also thegeneration of vaporous products or steam,

adjustment of this clip either from that contained in the layer 14 orthat.

The end.

contained in the chemical admixed with the layer i5, previously referredto, where this is used.

Within a short period of time, the hydration effect or chemical reactionof the moistening :fluid and powder generates steam and the powderitself expands, setting up not only a pressure by reason of the vaporgenerated but by reason of the expansion of the pulverulent material.This pressure is maintained within the tubular member by the sealedenvelope formed by the wrapper 2| and the other layers of materialenveloping the pulverulent material. In addition to this action, thereis the heat of conduction by reason of contact of the envelopecontaining the chemical with the lock of hair treated. The consequentaction is both of heat and pressure, to thereby eiTectively perform thepermanent waving operation.

The tube T as applied to the lock of hair, may be left upon the lock ofhair and curling stick, supporting the same, until the heat dissipatesitself. With certain chemicals, the time of treatment may be determinedby adding a measured quantity of moistening fluid to a measured quantityof the chemical used, to restrict the heating process to a period oftime determined previously as being best suited for practicing theprocess.

In order to control the relative position of the curling stick 25 andlock of hair mounted thereon in relation to the scalp, to avoid droppingof the tube which may contact with exposed portions of the individualwhose hair is being treated, we provide a tube 32 made of insulatingmaterial 33, such as corrugated paper board, wrapped in a sheet of paperor cellulosic material, such as Cellophane 34. The inner diameter 35conforms substantially to the outer diameter of the tube T. The tube 32thus provided is slipped over the tube T, until the edge 35 abuts thedisk-like clip 3| already positioned adjacent the scalp, This contactwhich the tube 32 makes with the disk-like clip 3| serves to hold theentire assembly at an angle to the scalp, in a manner as will be readilyunderstood. The tube 32 further serves to conserve the heat generatedwithin the tube T and provides a more facile manner of handling thesame, so that it is not uncomfortable to the touch, or uncomfortablewhen in contact with any part of the body of the individual whose hairis being treated.

With the heater as positioned and as illustrated in Figure 6, steam orother vapors generated during the reaction of the moistening materialand the pulverulent chemical material will be held against substantialloss by the effective seal formed by the wrapper 2! through theoverlapping portions of the ends of the sheet, and also where the looseends 22 and 23 have been twisted. This will be of value especially atthe point adjacent the scalp where the clip 3i holds the twisted end 36)of the wrapper 2i. Any steam or vapor which may be formed within thetube T will escape and cause no discomfort to the individual whose hairis being treated.

The tubular heater, as illustrated in Figure 5, when marketed, ispreferably retained within a hermetically sealed container, in orderthat atmospheric moisture may not deleteriously affect the chemicalmaterials retained within the envelope ll, especially where we use achemical material which responds to the addition of moisture to generateheat.

To more effectively accomplish this purpose and avoid deterioration ofthe chemicals used by reason of storage of these tubes, it is preferredby us to form a packaging materiaL'as illustrated in Figure 8. In thisembodiment, after completing the tube T as shown in Figure 5, there areinserted short tubular rings 31 and 38 to each end of the tube T withinthe sections 22 and 23. These rings are preferably made of paste boardor similar material, and serve to prevent the sections 22 and 23 fromcollapsing. The overlaps are then crimped into seals 39 and 49, using anadhesive effective for the principal sheet of which the wrapper 2| ismade. Where a sheet of regenerated cellulose which has beenwater-proofed with a varnish which is heat responsive is used, the sealmay be formed by heating the seal 39 and 40 while applying pressurethereto. The use of pyroxylin solution, as an adhesive, and theapplication of heat and pressure to the seals 39 and 40 are preferred byus, though a cellulose acetate coated sheet of reenerated cellulose maybe used, and when thus formed, the wrapper 21 will serve as a hermeticseal for the pulverulent chemical material contained within the envelopell.

Though it is preferred to use the rings 3'! and 38 in the manner asdescribed, these stifiening rings may be entirely eliminated. Thepackage as so prepared, may then be retained without the necessity ofpacking a number of the tubes described in a hermetically sealedcontainer and the entire package may be retained in storage, Withoutdanger of deterioration by atmospheric moisture, or other causes.

When the package as thus described and illustrated in Figure 8 is to beused, the seals 39 and til are broken by suitable means, such as bysevering the same with a pair of shears and each of the rings wherethese are used, is then removed. The heater tube T resulting, willtherefore be ready for use in the manner previously described.

In the embodiments illustrated in Figures 1 and we have referred to asheet III which may be perforated in part and made, in its preferredform, of tin foil or similar sheeted material. It will be understoodthat similar perforated material may be used, and for certain purposes,the portion occupied by the perforations I! in this sheet, may be formedinto a complete rectangular cutout, in which case we may provide aclosure for this cutout portion by superimposing over this cutoutportion a sheet of wire screening. We may also substitute for the sheetiii, an entire sheet of wire screening, in which case the pulverulentchemical material is first deposited within an envelope formed ofabsorbent material, such as blotting paper, filter paper or cloth, andthis envelope wrapped within a sheet of wire screening, in accordancewith the method heretofore described in forming the tubular envelopeIl'.

In accordance with the above, we have illustrated in Figure 11 anotherembodiment of our invention in which a rectangular sheet lfia is formedfor substantially one half thereof with a cutout portion l2a. Over thiscutout portion there is superimposed a sheet of wire screening Ila,suiiicient overlap being provided to cover the edges remaining aftercutting out the portion l2a. Upon the screening Ha, there issuperimposed a sheet of absorbent material, such as blotting paper,filter paper, cloth or the like, 14, and over this there may be disposedthe pulverized chemical material of the character hereinbefore referredto. The layer so provided may then be formed into an envelope such asillustrated in Figure 2, and the same is ready for being formed into atubular member, such as H, described and illustrated in connection withthe embodiments shown in Figures 1-5.

It will be further understood that Where the sheet Hla is made ofsheeted material, such as struction and of low cost, which may beefficiently used in the treatment of hair to impart a permanent wavethereto, and that the method of forming this article provides aconvenient package, whereby the same may be quickly available for useand may be retained in storage without danger of deterioration of thechemical materials used to react with moistening fluids or chemicals togenerate heat.

The tubular heater thus provided being light in weight, may be readilyaffixed in position for practicing the hair treating processcontemplated by us, with minimum discomfort to the individual treated.

Having thus described our invention and illustrated its use, what weclaim as new and desiire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising preformedtubular pliable enveloping walls containing a pulverulent materialcapable of being activated to generate heat envelope being formed withperforations, and an impermeable wrapper sheathing tightly encasing thesame.

2. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising preformedtubular pliable enveloping walls formed with perforations containing apulverulent material capable of being activated to generate heat, and animpermeable wrapper sheathing tightly encasing the same, and extensionsdisposed from said wrapper sheathing serving as closures for the tubeprotecting the same from atmospheric deterioration.

3. .A hair waving tube of the character described comprising preformedtubular pliable enveloping walls containing a pulverulent materialcapable of being activated to generate heat, one end of said walls beingformed with perforations, and an impermeable wrapper sheathing tightlyencasing the same, and pliable extensions formed to one side of saidenveloping walls adapted to be crimped or twisted to form a closure forsaid tube.

4. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising pliableenveloping walls containing a pulverulent material capable of beingactivated to generate heat, an inner face wall whereof being perforated,and an impermeable wrapper sheathing encasing the same, and pliableextensions formed to one side of said enveloping walls adapted to becrimped or twisted to form a closure for said tube, said extension beingformed of substantially transparent sheathing arranged to view the spacewithin the tube for crimping said extensions about a lock of hair.

5; A hair waving tube of the character described comprising a preformedcylindrical envelope arranged to contain a pulverulent material capableof being activated chemically to generate heat, perforations formed insaid envelope, an

@ absorbent sheet between said perforations and pulverulent material,and a sealing wrapper of impermeable sheeting tightly encasing the same.

6. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising a preformedcylindrical envelope arranged to contain a pulverulent material capableof being activated chemically to generate heat and formed withperforations, and a sealing wrapper of impermeable sheeting tightlyencasingv the same, extensions to each side of said envelope formed ofpliable sheeting adapted to be crimped or twisted to form a closure forsaid tube.

'7. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising acylindrical envelope arranged to contain a pulverulent material capableof being activated chemically to generate heat, and a sealing wrapperor" impermeable sheeting encasing the same, extensions to each side ofsaid envelope formed of pliable sheeting adapted to be crimped or twited to form a closure for sa d tube, said wrapper and extension beingformed of regenerated cellulosic material which will shrink under thedrying action of the heat generated.

8. A hair waving tube of the character described comprising a pliablemetal foil envelope formed into a tube and containing a pulverulentmaterial capable of reacting with moisture to generate heat and vaporousproducts, an inner wall 01 said envelope being formed with perforations,a porous sheet contained in said envelope, disposed between saidperforations and the pulverulent material contained therein, animpermeable casing for the envelope so formed comprising a substantiallytransparent sheeting of regenerated cellulosic material formed withextensions adapted to be twisted or crimped.

9. A hair waving tube and package of the character described comprisinga pliable, impermeable envelope formed into a tubular contour andcontaining a pulverulent material capable of reacting with moisture togenerate heat. said tubular casing having an inner foraminous wall, animpermeable casing for the envelope so formed comprising a substantiallytransparent sheeting of regenerated cellulosic material formed with.extensions, the ends of said extensions being sealed to provide ahermetically sealed package for pulverulent material the extensionsbeing of sufficient length for twisting or crimping upon removal oropening of the ends.

10. A hair waving tube and package of the character described comprisinga pliable, impermeable envelope formed into a tubular contour andcontaining a pulverulent material capable of reacting with moisture togenerate heat, sa d tubular casing having an inner foraminous wall andan absorbent pad capable of. being moistened interposed between saidwall and material, an impermeable casing for the envelope so formed.formed with extensions adapted to be twisted or crimped, the ends ofsaid extensions be ng sealed to provide a hermetically sealed packagefor the pulverulent material, and removable stiffening membersinterposed in said extension between said sealed portions and thetubular envelope.

11. The method of permanent wavin which comprises disposing a moistenedtubular casing of regenerated cellulosic material over a strand ofmounted hair, the tubular casing having an envelope of pulverulentmaterial responding to moistening action to generate heat, and heatingthe casing by the reaction to shrink the casing during drying and impartpressure to the hair 'being treated.

12. The method of permanent waving which comprises disposing a moistenedtubular casing of regenerated cellulosic material over a strand ofmounted hair, the tubular casing having a flexible envelope containingpulverulent material responding to moistening action to generate heat,

the moistening action servingto initiate the heating, and continuing theheating for shrinking the casing by the heat generated, to compress thecasing upon the hair being treated.

13. A hair waving element includin in combination, a tubular membercomprising an envelope formed into a tubular contour within said tubeand containing a pulverulent material capable of being activated togenerate heat, an impermeable wrapping sheathing enclosing the tube,having extensions adapted to be crimped or twist ed upon a hair curlingstick, by a disk clip, and a cap frictionally engaging the assembly soprovided, and arranged to make butt-joint engagement with said clip andhold the assembl angularly to the scalp, against tilting.

14. A hair waving element including in combination, a tubular membercomprising an envelope formed into a tubular contour within said tube,and containing a pulverulent material capable of being activated togenerate heat, an impermeable wrapping sheathing enclosing the tube,having extensions adapted to be crirnped or twisted upon a hair curlingstick, by a disk clip, and a cap frictionally engaging the assembly soprovided, and arranged to make butt-joint engagement with said clip andhold the assembly angularly to the scalp, against tilting, said capcomprising heat insulating material.

15. A hair waving element including in combination, a tubular membercomprising an envelope formed into a tubular contour within said tube,and containing a pulverulent material capable of being activated togenerate heat. an impermeable wrapping sheathing enclosing the tube,having extensions adapted to be crimped or twisted upon a hair curlinstick, by a disk clip. and a cap frictionally engagin the assembly soprovided, and arranged to make butt-joint engagement with said clip andhold the assembly angularly to the scalp, against tilting, formed ofcorrugated'board to provide a plurality of dead air insulating chambers.

16. A hair waving device of the characted described adapted to envelopea tress Of hair, comprising in combination a wrapper sheet includin anexothermic material containing envelope having its face perforated, asealing sheet lccated in relation to the perforated face of the envelopeto provide means to prevent ingress of atmospheric moisture tending tocause atmospheric deterioration of the exothermic material in theenvelope. an absorbent sheet adapted to be moistened and located uponthe perforated face of the envelope and being'efiective for moisteningafter the seal formed by said sealing sheet has been altered.

17. A hair waving device of the character described adapted to envelopea tress of hair, comprising in combination a wrapper sheet including anexothermic material containing envelope havingits face perforated, a,sealing sheet located in relation to the perforated face of the envelopetopr-ovide means to prevent ingress of atmospheric moisture tending tocause atmospheric deterioration of the exothermic material in theenvelope, an absorbent sheet adapted to be'moistened and located uponthe perforated face of the envelope and being effective for moisteningafter the seal formed by said sealing sheet has been altered, saidsealing sheet being moisture impermeable.

18. The hereindescribed hair-curling device including a substantiallytubular pack comprising exorthermic substance and a container for saidsubstance permeable by water and a pliable envelope impermeable by waterembracing the pack and substantially hermetically sealing-in the samefrom the atmosphere.

19. The hereindescribed hair-curlin device including a substantiallytubular pack comprising exothermic substance and a container for saidsubstance ermeable by water and a pliable envelope impermeable by waterembracing the pack and substantially hermeticall sealing-in the samefrom the atmosphere, said envelope having one end extending beyond thecorresponding end of the pack and flattened and adapted to be torn away.

20. The hereindescribed hair-curling device including a substantialltubular pack comprising exothermic substance and a container for 'saidsubstance permeable by water and a pliable sheet embracing the pack fromend to end thereof and impermeable by water and having opposite portionsthereof extending generally lengthwise of the pack forming a sealed seamfrom end to end of the pack, said sheet extending beyond each end of thepack and having each such end fiattened and forming a sealed seam.

21. The hereindescribed hair-curling device ineluding a substantiallytubular pack comprising, with a substance adapted in the presence Of agiven liquid to generate heat, a container for said substance permeableby such liquid, and a pliable envelope impermeable by said liquidembracing the pack and substantially hermetically sealingin the samefrom the atmosphere.

22. A waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said padcomprising an outer wrapper, an envelope formed with perforations in oneside, in contact with said outer wrapper, an absorbent pad enclosed insaid envelope and adjacent to the perforated side thereof, and chemicalmeans which when moistened will liberate sufficient heat to impart a socalled permanent wave to the tress of hair, said chemical means beingconfined in the envelope aforementioned between the absorbent pad andthe unperforated side of said envelope.

23. A waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said padcomprising an envelope formed with perforations in one side, anabsorbent pad enclosed in said envelope and adjacent to the perforatedside thereof, and chemical means which when moistened will liberatesuificient heat to impart a. so called permanent wave to the tress ofhair, said chemical means beingconfined in the envelope aforementionedbetween the absorbent pad and the unperforated side of said envelopethus forming a complete hair waving pad requiring only the applicationof-moisture to be ready for use.

24. A Waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said padcomprising an envelope of impervious, non-soluble material, an absorbentmaterial enclosed in said envelope, chemical means, which when moistenedwill liberate sufii- 'cient heat to impart a so called permanent Wave;to the tress of hair, enclosed in said envelope, whereby a waving pad ofunitary construction is formed.

25. A waving pad for enclosing a preformed tress of hair, said padcomprising a back face of impervious, non-soluble material and a layerof porous, absorbent material, and chemical means which when moistenedwill liberate sufficient heat to impart a so called permanent wave tothe tress of hair, enclosed in said pad between said back face and saidlayer and in contact with the latter whereby a waving pad of unitaryconstruction is formed which requires only the application of a liquidto be ready for use.

26. A hair waving pad comprising an outer wrapper, an envelope havingone face perforated, an absorbent material enclosed in said envelope andadjacent to the perforated face thereof, and exothermic materialenclosed in said envelope between the absorbent material and theunperforated face of the envelope, whereby a waving pad of unitaryconstruction is formed which requires only the application of a liquidto be ready for use.

27. A hair waving pad comprising an envelope I of impervious non-solublematerial having one face perforated, an absorbent material enclosed insaid envelope and adjacent to the perforated face thereof, andexothermicmaterial enclosed in said envelope between the absorbent material andthe unperforated face of the envelope whereby a waving pad of unitaryconstruction is formed which requires only the'application'of a liquidto be ready for use.

28. A hair waving pad comprising a layer of impervious non-solublematerial, a layer of porous, absorbent material, chemical means disposedbetween said porous and non-porousmaterials, and means for holding saidlayers together and confining the chemical means therebetween, thusforming a unitary pad which requires only the application of a liquid tobe ready for use.

29. A hair waving pad comprising in combination, an envelope, absorbentmeans inserted in the envelope, and chemical means which in the presenceof a liquid will react and liberate heat, enclosed in the envelope.

30. In a hair waving pad of the character described, in combination: anabsorbent sheet; an impervious back; chemical-means for producing heatdisposed between said sheet and back; means for securing said sheet andback together and thereby forming a leak-proof envelope for saidchemical means; a wrapper of substantially greater extent than that ofsaid envelopepand means maintaining said envelope in contact. with saidwrapper and permitting said envelope to be held pendant from a portionof said wrapper whereby said envelope may be immersed in a bath ofwetting fiuid without wetting the hand of the operator.

31. A hair waving pad comprising in combination an outer wrapper, anenvelope, means for assembling the envelope and the outer wrapper toeach other, absorbent means inserted in the envelope and chemical meanswhich in the presence of a liquid will react and liberate. heat,enclosed in the envelope.

FREDERICK KORE. WILLIAM F. ZENTLER.

